Tuesday, May 19, 2020

[HSK 5: Vocabulary 11-20] Let's read all the Chinese words in HSK 5 | 汉语水平考试 HSK 5























[HSK 5: Vocabulary 11-20] Let's read all the Chinese words in HSK 5 | 汉语水平考试 HSK 5

HSK 5-11:
把握bǎwò  
(1)   to seize, to grasp, to make (good) use of (v.)
collocations:
把握机会      huìto seize the chance
把握当下    dāng  xiàto grasp the moment/carpe diem

他成功的秘诀是把握时间。
他成功的秘訣是把握時間。
  chéng  gōng  de    jué  shì      shí  jiān 
The secret of his success is to make good use of time.
---
(2)   assurance, certainty  (n.)
collocations:
()有把握(hěn) yǒu bǎ wò : (to do something) with assurance; to have certainty (of something)
()把握méi  (yǒu)    :  with no certainty

我没有把握能回答这个问题。
我沒有把握能回答這個問題。
  méi  yǒu      néng  huí    zhè  ge  wèn   
I am unable to answer this question with any certainty.
--

More example sentences:
(1)   [v.]
我对年轻人的建议是: 一定要把握当下。
我對年輕人的建議是: 一定要把握當下。
  duì  nián  qīng  rén  de  jiàn    shì  :  yí dìng  yào      dāng  xià   
My advice for young people is: Be sure to seize the day.

(2)    [v.]
他从未把握任何机会,这是他失败的原因。
他從未把握任何機會,這是他失敗的原因。
  cóng  wèi      rèn      huì   
zhè  shì    shī  bài  de  yuán  yīn   
He never grasped any opportunities. This was the reason why he failed.

-----
(1)   [n.]
我十分有把握。
我十分有把握。
  shí  fēn  yǒu     
I am quite sure I can do this.

(2)   [n.]
他很有把握地回答了所有的问题。
他很有把握地回答了所有的問題。
  hěn  yǒu      de  huí    le  suǒ  yǒu  de  wèn   
He answered all the questions with assurance.


HSK 5-12: / bǎi
(1)   [v.] to sway; to move back and forth
花朵在风中摆动着。
花朵在風中擺動著。
huā  duǒ  zài  fēng  zhōng  bǎi  dòng  zhe 
The flowers were swaying in the wind.
[The phrase we often use with this meaning is “摆动bǎi  dòng.”]


(2)   [v.] to display; to arrange; to put (something on a place)
经理在桌上摆了一盆花  
經理在桌上擺了一盆花
jīng    zài  zhuō  shàng  bǎi  le    pén  huā   
The manager placed a potted flower on his desk. 
 


More example sentences:
[v.] to sway; to move back and forth
鱼儿轻轻()摆动它的尾巴。
  er  qīng  qīng (de) bǎi  dòng    de  wěi  ba 
The fish swayed its tail gently.

那老人向我摆动着手,彷佛在跟我说谢谢。
  lǎo  rén  xiàng    bǎi  dòng  zhe  shǒu   
fǎng    zài  gēn    shuō  xiè  xie 
That old man was swaying his hand at me, as if he was saying thanks to me.

----
[v.] to display; to arrange; to put; to place
他把一些照片摆在椅子上。
      xiē  zhào  piàn  bǎi  zài    zi  shàng 
He placed some photos on the chair.

会议开始前,经理的桌上摆放了几支麦克风。
huì    kāi  shǐ  qián    jīng    de  zhuō  shàng  bǎi  fàng  le    zhī  mài    fēng
Before the meeting, several microphones were displayed on the manager’s desk.

[The phrase we often use with this meaning is “摆放bǎi  fàng.”]


----
More information about “bǎi”:
also means “to show [an attitude] to people”, which is only used in some common set phrase.

摆脸色bǎi  liǎn  sè: to give sb a dirty face
摆架子bǎi  jià  zi: to put on airs
摆阔bǎi kuò: to parade one's wealth
----
Example sentences:
她摆脸色给我看。
  bǎi  liǎn    gěi    kàn   
She gave me a dirty look.

自从嫁了百万富翁后, 她就摆起架子。
  cóng  jià  le  bǎi  wàn    wēng  hòu  , 
  jiù  bǎi   le  jià  zi   
She put on airs after marrying a millionaire.

他总是在摆阔。
  zǒng  shì  zài  bǎi  kuò 
He's always flaunting his wealth.


HSK 5-13: 办理/辦理 bàn lǐ
(v.) to deal with, to transact; to apply
我们想要办理入住手续,谢谢。
我們想要辦理入住手續,謝謝。
  men  xiǎng  yào  bàn      zhù  shǒu      xiè  xie   
We’d like to check in, please.
[办理入住(手续): to check in, used in a restaurants/hotel]

---
In English, we have various words for 办理. In brief, it means “to do and complete a business activity”
More example sentences:
(1)    to apply for
莉莉想买房子,所以她到银行办理贷款。
    xiǎng  mǎi  fáng  zi   
suǒ      dào  yín  háng  bàn    dài  kuǎn 
Lily wanted to buy a house, so she applied for a loan in the bank.


(2)    to check in/check out
航班旅客请办理登机手续。
háng  bān      qǐng  bàn    dēng    shǒu   
Passengers should check in for flight.

(3)    to attend to; to deal with
他正在亲自办理这件事。
  zhèng  zài  qīn    bàn    zhè  jiàn  shì 
He is attending to this matter himself.

(4)    to transact
你可以上网办理此项业务。
      shàng  wǎng  bàn      xiàng   
You can transact this business online.

HSK 5-14: 傍晚 bàng  wǎn
[time adverb] evening; dusk (before night when it is not yet dark)
她傍晚独自坐在船上沈思。  
她傍晚獨自坐在船上沈思。
  bàng  wǎn      zuò  zài  chuán  shàng  chén   
She sat on the boat and pondered alone at dusk. 
[独自dú zì (HSK 5): alone; 沈思chén sī (HSK 6): to ponder]
---
More ADVANCED time adverbs in Chinese:

凌晨líng  chén: before dawn
中午zhōng  wǔ: noon
半夜bàn    : midnight
夜晚  wǎn: night
前天qián  tiān: the day before yesterday
午夜  yè: midnight
后天hòu  tiān: the day after tomorrow
未来wèi  lái: future
过去guò  qù: past
现在xiàn  zài: present
刚刚gāng  gāng: just now
---
The position of Chinese TIME ADVERBS:

Normally, we can put Chinese TIME ADVERBS before and after the subject.
As a result, in the example sentence, we can also say:
傍晚她独自坐在船上沈思。
bàng  wǎn        zuò  zài  chuán  shàng  chén    
---
More information:

沈思chén   (verb. -HSK 6): to ponder
means “deep” so沈思 is like to think deeply [to ponder]

他沈思片刻后,后来打起了瞌睡。
  chén    piàn    hòu  hòu  lái      le    shuì   
After pondering for minutes, he then nodded off.
---
独自  zì (adv. - HSK 5): alone; by oneself

理查独自前往德国。
  chá      qián  wǎng    guó   
Richard went to Germany alone.



HSK 5-15: 包裹 (n.) package
快递员刚刚送包裹给你  
快遞員剛剛送包裹給你
kuài dì yuán gāng gāng sòng bāo guǒ gěi nǐ   
A delivery man has just delivered packages for you. 

More information:

邮局yóu jú (HSK 4): post office
xìn: letter
信封xìn fēng (HSK 4) : envelope
邮票yóu piào: stamp
邮差yóu chāi: mail carrier
寄信jì xìn: to send a letter
-----

HSK 5-16: 包含 bāo hán (v.)  to include; to contain
(used to denote the components or specific items something contains.)

这账单包含服务费。
這帳單包含服務費。
zhè zhàng dān bāo hán fú wù fèi
This bill includes a service charge.

More information:
费用fèi yòng  (n. )fee; charge
---
More HSK words about (fèi):
浪费làng fèi [HSK 4](v.): to waste
免费miǎn fèi [HSK 4](adj.): free, complimentary
消费xiāo fèi [HSK 5](v./n.): to consume; consumption


HSK 5-17: 包括bāo kuò  (v.)  to include; to contain
(used when you are giving examples)
这种流感的症状包括恶心和咳嗽。
這種流感的症狀包括噁心咳嗽
zhè zhǒng liú gǎn de zhèng zhuàng bāo kuò ě xīn hé ké sòu
The symptoms of this flu include nausea and cough.

Keywords:
症状zhèng zhuàng [HSK6]: (n.) symptom
恶心ě xīn [HSK6]: (n.) nausea
咳嗽ké sòu [HSK4]: (v./n.) to cough; cough


The difference between 包括(bāo kuò) and 包含(bāo hán):
(1)   They are both in HSK 5.
(2)   They’re both verbs.
-----
包括(to include) is used when you are giving examples:

我喜欢的运动包括棒球和篮球。
我喜歡的運動包括棒球和籃球。
wǒ xǐ huān de yùn dòng bāo kuò bàng qiú hé lán qiú
My favorite sports includes baseball and basketball.
----
包含(to contain) is used to denote the components or specific items something contains.

此产品包含中药。
此產品包含中藥。
cǐ chǎn pǐn bāo hán zhōng yào
The product contains Chinese medicine.
----
包括 and 包含 are interchangeable sometimes:

eg:
这账单包含服务费。
=这账单包括服务费。
This bill includes a service charge.

包括 and 包含are both fine here because you may be giving examples or talking about a specific item in a bill.

---
HSK 5-18:   báo  (adj.)  thin
[opposite: hòu  (HSK 4)]
这张纸很薄,才0.3公分。
(这张纸很薄,才零点三公分。)
這張紙很薄,才0.3公分。
(這張紙很薄,才零點三公分。)
zhè zhāng zhǐ hěn báo cái líng diǎn sān gōng fēn 
This sheet of paper is thin. It’s just 0.3 centimeters.
--
More example sentences:
这件衬衫不厚,它很薄。
這件襯衫不厚,它很薄。
zhè jiàn chèn shān bú  hòu tā hěn báo
This shirt is not thick. It’s thin.

今天的云层很薄。
今天的雲層很薄。
jīn tiān de yún céng hěn báo
The clouds (layers) are thin today.
----
More information:
(2 more different pronunciations of [bó/]):

(1)   薄弱bó ruò (HSK 6): weak-- esp. for health, viewpoints, will power …
他的意志力很薄弱。
他的意志力很薄弱。
tā de yì zhì lì hěn bó ruò
His will power is weak.

那学生的论点很薄弱。
那學生的論點很薄弱。
nà xué shēng de lùn diǎn hěn bó ruò
That student’s viewpoint is weak.

(2)   bò he  (mint)  a kind of plant

----
HSK 5-19: 宝贝/寶貝bǎo bèi  (n.) 
(1) precious thing, treasure
这些古董是他的宝贝。  
這些古董是他的寶貝。
zhè xiē gǔ dǒng shì tā de bǎo bèi
These antiques are his treasures.

(2) baby, darling
宝贝,对不起,我迟到了。  
寶貝,對不起,我遲到了。
bǎo bèi duì bù qǐ wǒ chí dào le
Baby, sorry. I am late.
--
Common 4-word Chinese idiom:
心肝宝贝/心肝寶貝xīn gān bǎo bèi [n.]
treasure; very valuable things (as important as your heart and liver)
[used for your loved people or things]

这花瓶是莉莉的心肝宝贝。
這花瓶是莉莉的心肝寶貝。
zhè huā píng shì lì lì de xīn gān bǎo bèi
This vase is Lily’s treasure.



---
HSK 5-20: 宝贵/ 寶貴 bǎo guì (adj.)  precious; valuable
[Normally used for abstract nouns]
谢谢你分享这么宝贵的经验。
謝謝你分享這麼寶貴的經驗。
xiè xie nǐ fèn xiǎng zhè me bǎo guì de jīng yàn
Thank you for sharing such a precious experience.
---
The difference between宝贵 and 珍贵(zhēn guì)

Both 宝贵 and 珍贵 mean “valuable” or “precious” in English. These two adjectives are very similar, and sometimes they’re also interchangeable.
eg:
宝贵的生命 = 珍贵的生命
precious life
寶貴的天然資源 = 珍貴的天然資源
valuable natural resources
---
However, 宝贵 is normally used for “abstract nouns,” especially for time, opinions, experiences, and so on
eg:
宝贵的时间: precious time
宝贵的意见: valuable opinion
----
珍贵 is normally used for something rare, precious and unique, hard to obtain. (Mostly for relatively-concrete things.)
珍贵的友谊: valuable friendship
珍贵的礼物: valuable gift
熊猫是很珍贵的动物。 Pandas are precious animals.

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